Science Grade 5 • Unit 2 (Part 2): Food Nutrients, Vitamins & Health

Unit 2

Food Nutrients & Vitamins

Proteins:

Proteins are used for the growth of the body. They help make new cells. Meat, eggs, fish, and beans contain proteins.

🥩 meat

🫘 beans

🥚 eggs

🐟 fish

Fats and oils:

Fats and oils give us energy. They can be stored in the body. Milk, butter, cheese and eggs have fats in them.

Vitamins:

We need vitamins to grow and stay healthy. We need vitamins in very tiny amounts. Some important vitamins are: A, B, C, D, E and K.

• Vitamin A is found in carrots, milk and green vegetables. It keeps the skin and bones healthy. It is also good for the eyes.

• Vitamin B is found in milk, eggs, bread and green vegetables. It is good for the normal growth of the body.

Unit 2

Vitamins, Minerals, Water & Fiber

• Vitamin C is found in oranges, lemons and green vegetables. It keeps the gums, teeth and skin healthy.

• Vitamin D is found in butter, cheese, eggs and fish. It is good for the bones and teeth.

Minerals:

There are about fifteen different minerals in our food, which are found in meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables.

• Calcium is a mineral that is good for our bones and teeth and is found in milk and eggs.

• Iron is a mineral that is found in liver and spinach. It helps make the red blood cells in our body.

Water:

Two-thirds of our bodies are made up of water. Water is very important for the body. It helps carry substances and food to our body parts and cells. It also takes away unwanted food substances from the cells. We should drink at least six to eight glasses of water every day.

Fiber:

Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. While most carbs may be converted into the sugar molecules known as glucose, fiber cannot. Instead, it travels through the body undigested. Fiber controls how the body uses glucose, which helps to control appetite and blood sugar levels. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are all sources of fiber.

A complete diet:

It is stated that a diet consisting mostly of milk and eggs is considered a complete diet. With the exception of vitamin C, they include all nutritional components in the proper dosage.

Unit 2

Exercises

💡 Teacher Tip: Switch to the "Page 22: Click-to-Reveal Answers" tab above to reveal model answers for every question, blank, and table cell with one click!

1 Answer the following questions.

(a) Why do all living things need food?

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All living things need food for energy, growth, repair of body cells, and to stay healthy.

(b) How do our bodies process food?

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Our bodies process food through digestion by breaking down complex substances into simpler nutrients that enter the bloodstream.

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Plants make their food by photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, water and minerals from the soil, and chlorophyll.

💡 Interactive Teacher Mode: Click any question, table blank, or prompt to reveal its model answer instantly!

Unit 2

Exercises

🎯 Click any item to reveal its answer

1 Answer the following questions.

(a) Why do all living things need food?

👆 Click to reveal

All living things need food to get energy, to grow, to repair worn-out body parts, and to stay healthy.

(b) How do our bodies process food?

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Our bodies process food through digestion, breaking it down into simple soluble nutrients that are carried by blood to all cells.

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Plants make their food by photosynthesis using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide from the air, and chlorophyll in green leaves.

(d) What happens to plants if they do not get minerals?

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If plants do not get minerals, their growth is stunted, their leaves turn pale or yellow, and they cannot grow healthy and strong.

(e) Where is extra food stored in plants?

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Extra food is stored as starch in roots (carrots), stems (potatoes), seeds (beans), leaves, and fruits.

(f) Write the names of the primary food substances?

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The primary food substances are: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water, and Fiber.

(g) What are welfare foods?

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Welfare foods are protective foods rich in vitamins and minerals (such as fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, and eggs) that protect the body from diseases and maintain health.

(h) What is a balanced diet?

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A balanced diet is a meal that contains all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions required by the body.

(i) What is fiber in our food?

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Fiber is an indigestible type of carbohydrate from plant walls that regulates bowel movements, controls blood sugar, and keeps intestines in good working order.

2 Complete the table.

Food	Source	Use in the Body
(a) Proteins	👆 Click to reveal source meat, eggs, fish, and beans	growth and repair.
👆 (b) Click to reveal food (b) Carbohydrates	fruits, rice, and potatoes	give energy.
(c) Fats	👆 Click to reveal source milk, butter, cheese, and eggs	give energy.
(d) Vitamin A	👆 Click to reveal source carrots, milk, green vegetables	good for eyes and skin.
👆 (e) Click to reveal food (e) Vitamin B	bread and green vegetables	normal growth of the body.
(f) Vitamin C	👆 Click to reveal source oranges, lemons, green vegetables	healthy skin and gums.
(g) Vitamin D	butter and cheese	👆 Click to reveal use good for bones and teeth.
👆 (h) Click to reveal food (h) Calcium	milk and eggs	strong bones and teeth.
(i) Iron	👆 Click to reveal source liver and spinach	makes red blood cells.

3 What would happen if you ate:

(a) Too much food.

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Excess calories are stored as fat, causing unhealthy weight gain (obesity), sluggishness, indigestion, and high risk of heart problems and diabetes.

(b) Too little food.

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The body lacks energy, leading to starvation, malnutrition, extreme weight loss, fatigue, stunted growth, and weakened immunity against infections.

🍓 Food Gallery by Vitamin & Nutrient Types

Explore colorful foods categorized according to their vitamins and essential nutrients as covered in Unit 2:

🥕 Vitamin A

🥕 Fresh Carrots 🥛 Pure Milk 🥬 Spinach & Greens 🍠 Sweet Potatoes

Key Body Functions:
• Keeps eyes and vision sharp.
• Keeps skin glowing and bones healthy.

🍞 Vitamin B-Complex

🍞 Whole Grain Bread 🥛 Milk 🥚 Eggs 🥦 Green Vegetables 🥣 Oats

Key Body Functions:
• Ensures normal growth of the body.
• Helps release energy from carbohydrates.

🍊 Vitamin C

🍊 Sliced Oranges 🍋 Yellow Lemons 🫑 Bell Peppers & Chilies 🍈 Limes

Key Body Functions:
• Keeps gums and teeth strong.
• Keeps skin healthy and heals wounds.

🧀 Vitamin D

🧈 Butter 🧀 Cheese Cubes 🥚 Boiled Eggs 🐟 Fresh Fish

Key Body Functions:
• Helps the body absorb calcium.
• Builds strong bones and teeth.

🥩 Proteins (Body Builders)

🥩 Raw Beef Steak 🐟 Salmon Fish 🥚 Chicken Eggs 🫘 Green Pod Beans

Key Body Functions:
• Growth of body muscles and organs.
• Repair worn-out and damaged cells.

🧈 Fats and Oils

🧈 Golden Butter 🧀 Cheese 🥛 Whole Milk 🫒 Olive Oil

Key Body Functions:
• Provides concentrated reserve energy.
• Protects delicate organs and keeps body warm.

🦴 Minerals (Calcium & Iron)

🥛 Milk (Calcium) 🥚 Eggs (Calcium) 🥬 Spinach (Iron) 🥩 Liver (Iron)

Key Body Functions:
• Calcium: Hardens bones and teeth.
• Iron: Builds hemoglobin to carry oxygen in red blood cells.

💧 Water & Dietary Fiber

💧 6-8 Glasses Clean Water 🌾 Whole Grains & Oats 🍎 Fresh Apples 🥦 Broccoli

Key Body Functions:
• Water: Makes up 2/3 of body, flushes wastes.
• Fiber: Controls appetite and blood sugar, eases bowel movements.

⚖️ Interactive Lab: What Happens If You Eat Too Much vs. Too Little Food?

Page 22 Concept

Click each diet scenario to see what happens to the human body over time:

🍔 (a) Too Much Food

Excess energy is stored as body fat. Can cause obesity, indigestion, heavy breathing, sluggishness, and high risk of diabetes & heart strain.

🥀 (b) Too Little Food

Body starves for nutrients and energy. Causes malnutrition, extreme fatigue, weak muscles, pale skin, stunted growth, and low immunity.

🥗 (c) Balanced Complete Diet

Supplies all food substances in right amounts! Full energy, strong bones, clear vision, repaired cells, and robust immunity against diseases.

💧 Water Hydration Lab: Drink 6 to 8 Glasses Every Day

Page 21 Concept

Click the water glasses to drink your daily water quota. Watch your cellular hydration meter rise and remove unwanted cell waste!

Glasses Drank Today: 0 / 8 Glasses

Click on glasses to hydrate your body cells!